Punching is a metal fabrication process that involves creating holes or shapes in a workpiece by applying a high shear force using a punch and a die. This process is widely used in manufacturing for producing precise and repeatable shapes in sheet metal and other materials.

Shearing is a metal fabrication process used to cut straight lines in sheet metal and other flat materials. This process involves using a shear machine equipped with a moving blade and a fixed blade. The material is placed between these blades, and force is applied to shear it along a straight line.

Stamping is a metalworking process that involves forming, blanking, piercing, bending, or drawing sheet metal using a punch and die set. It's a highly versatile and efficient method for mass-producing parts with consistent quality and precision.

Blanking is a metalworking process used to cut out a flat shape from a sheet metal or strip material. It is typically performed using a punch and die set, where the punch shears the material against the die, leaving the desired part as the blank. Blanking is a fundamental process in metal fabrication and is often a precursor to further manufacturing operations such as stamping, bending, or forming.